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2007-05-23 14:48:27 |
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中国北京 |
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跟贴：First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea
Nature 447, 307-311 (17 May 2007) | doi:10.1038/nature05827; Received 13 September 2006; Accepted 10 April 2007
Top of pageShallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa1. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf2 and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region2, 3. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748?6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment.
Angelika Brandt1, Andrew J. Gooday2, Simone N. Brandão1, Saskia Brix1, Wiebke Brökeland1, Tomas Cedhagen3, Madhumita Choudhury1, Nils Cornelius2, Bruno Danis4, Ilse De Mesel5, Robert J. Diaz6, David C. Gillan7, Brigitte Ebbe8, John A. Howe9, Dorte Janussen10, Stefanie Kaiser1, Katrin Linse11, Marina Malyutina12, Jan Pawlowski13, Michael Raupach14 & Ann Vanreusel5
Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
Department of Marine Ecology, University of Åarhus, Finlandsgade 14, 8200 Århus N, Denmark
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
Marine Biology Laboratory, CP160/15, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, DZMB-CeDAMar, c/o Forschungsmuseum König, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
Forschungs und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Palchevskogo, 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
Department of Zoology & Animal Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Correspondence to: Angelika Brandt1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.B. (Email: abrandt@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de).
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v447/n7142/abs/nature05827.html
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